Unfortunately, many people have diabetes. Diabetes means an increase in blood sugar due to the lack/decrease of insulin production. In diabetes, the speed of utilizing and metabolizing glucose in the body reduce and results in blood sugar increase, which called hyperglycemia.

Types of Diabetes

Type Ⅰ diabetes:

Type Ⅰ or insulin-dependent diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas releases low levels of insulin.

Genetic factors and being infected with specific viruses, can cause type 1 diabetes. This type of diabetes usually occurs in childhood and adolescence, but adults can also infected with this disease.

Symptoms of type Ⅰ diabetes:

• Starvation and increased appetite
• Extreme thirst, dry mouth and frequent urination
• Numb or tingled foot
• Abnormal weight loss
• Dry skin
• Consecutive liquid consumption

In most cases it occurs after 5 years of age. Liver symptoms usually appear before 30 years of age but neurological symptoms appear among the first and the fifth decades of life.

Type Ⅱ diabetes:

In type 2 diabetes, the body is unable to consume glucose, and glucose returns to the bloodstream instead of converting to energy, which will cause various symptoms.

This type of diabetes is known as adult diabetes or non-insulin-dependent diabetes, which occurs due to the body’s inability in producing sufficient insulin or inability to benefit from the produced insulin. This condition is called insulin resistance.

Risk factors of type Ⅱ diabetes:

• Overweight
• Lack of movement
• Not being on a healthy diet specially consuming high carbohydrate foods
• People with some types of fasting glucose disorder

Symptoms of type Ⅱ diabetes:

• Numb, burning feeling in feet and hands
• Sever Skin dryness
• Polyuria
• Frequent infection of gum, skin and bladder
• Blurry vision
• Irritability
• Non-healing wound

People at risk of diabetes:

• Having high blood pressure
• Insufficient movement
• Over 40 years old
• Pregnant women
• Family history
• Obesity

Diabetic’s diet:

• Consuming whole wheat bread
• Whole wheat flour such as wheat flour
• Low-fat milk, low-fat cheese
• Steamed or grilled fish
• Grilled foods instead of fried ones
• Not eating fast-food

Treatment:

• Type Ⅰ diabetes:  The most common drug for this type, is insulin. According to the doctor’s diagnosis, the type of insulin could be different.

• Type Ⅱ diabetes:  Wide range of medicines could be used for this type of diabetes according to your doctor, but the most common one is Metformin.

Insulin injection site:

• Triceps brachii
• Around the navel
• Front thigh surface

Insulin preservation:

• Store insulin in the refrigerator and keep outside the freezer. If you use milky insulin, before using the vial, rotate it between your palms and avoid shaking.
• The opened insulin vial can be stored in a cool, dry place for one month.
• The insulin pen does not need to be kept in the refrigerator after being opened.